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The hunting of wild animals for meat is widely practiced. Interventions to reduce bushmeat consumption need first to understand why bushmeat is a preferred food choice. Focussing on the Dja ecosystem in Cameroon, we use participatory approaches to understand factors affecting meat choices. We use our findings to support improvements in design of “bushmeat-alternative” interventions in the Dja and elsewhere, making them more effective at increasing food security, meeting people’s needs and priorities, and conserving species threatened by unsustainable hunting. Strengthened capacity of policy-makers and practitioners in Cameroon and Africa-wide to design and implement effective “bushmeat-alternative” interventions that reflect drivers of food choice, conserve biodiversity and contribute to food security.